In-depth educational articles on 126+ peptides β covering mechanisms of action, research findings, safety profiles, and more.
Showing 126 of 126 articles
A phosphopeptide derived from IRS-1 protein that activates PI3K signaling. Studied in preclinical models for its role in insulin-like metabo...
Read Full Guide βA selective Mas receptor antagonist used to block angiotensin-(1-7) signaling. Widely used as a research tool to study the protective arm of...
Read Full Guide βA fragment of adrenocorticotropic hormone studied for cognitive enhancement, neuroprotection, and attention modulation without significant a...
Read Full Guide βA pro-apoptotic peptide that selectively targets blood vessels feeding white adipose tissue. Preclinical research has shown significant fat ...
Read Full Guide βA synthetic GnRH agonist used in reproductive endocrinology research, studied for its ability to stimulate LH and FSH release and manage hor...
Read Full Guide βA naturally occurring peptide from blow fly hemolymph with antiviral and immunomodulatory properties. Researched for interferon-inducing act...
Read Full Guide βA thymic peptide studied for immunomodulatory properties, particularly in restoring immune competence in immunodeficient research models.
Read Full Guide βA bioactive heptapeptide of the renin-angiotensin system with vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic effects β the counter-regul...
Read Full Guide βThe primary effector peptide of the renin-angiotensin system. A potent vasoconstrictor widely studied in hypertension, cardiac remodeling, a...
Read Full Guide βA potent GnRH antagonist developed for suppression of LH and FSH surges. Used in reproductive medicine research and studies involving hormon...
Read Full Guide βA modified C-terminal fragment of human growth hormone (hGH177-191) studied for lipolytic activity without the anabolic or diabetogenic effe...
Read Full Guide βSynthetic vasopressin (AVP) acting on V1 and V2 receptors. Studied in diabetes insipidus, septic shock hemodynamics, and central nervous sys...
Read Full Guide βSynthetic vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) with potent vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Researched in pulmonary arterial hy...
Read Full Guide βA pentadecapeptide derived from human gastric juice with broad cytoprotective and regenerative properties. One of the most extensively studi...
Read Full Guide βA synthetic melanocortin receptor agonist originally studied for tanning. FDA-approved as Vyleesi for hypoactive sexual desire disorder in p...
Read Full Guide βA first-in-class entry inhibitor that blocks hepatitis B and D viral entry into hepatocytes via the NTCP receptor. EMA-approved for chronic ...
Read Full Guide βA synthetic GnRH agonist used clinically for prostate cancer, endometriosis, and fertility. Acts via desensitization of pituitary GnRH recep...
Read Full Guide βA long-acting amylin analog under clinical investigation in combination with semaglutide (CagriSema) for obesity treatment, targeting dual h...
Read Full Guide βA naturally occurring dipeptide (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) with antioxidant, anti-glycation, and neuroprotective properties. Studied in aging...
Read Full Guide βRecombinant human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP) used clinically in Japan for acute decompensated heart failure. Promotes natriuresis, di...
Read Full Guide βA cell-permeable peptide that selectively inhibits caspase-9, blocking the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Used as a research tool to study pro...
Read Full Guide βThe only human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, with broad-spectrum antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and wound-healing properties. Key to...
Read Full Guide βA cyclic RGD pentapeptide that inhibits integrin Ξ±vΞ²3 and Ξ±vΞ²5, disrupting tumor angiogenesis. Studied extensively in glioblastoma and other...
Read Full Guide βA synthetic GHRH analog with extended half-life via albumin binding. Studied for sustained stimulation of growth hormone and IGF-1 secretion...
Read Full Guide βCJC-1295 conjugated with a Drug Affinity Complex (DAC) for prolonged albumin binding, resulting in a significantly extended half-life compar...
Read Full Guide βA synthetic Leu-enkephalin analog with opioid receptor activity. Studied for gastroprotective, analgesic, and cytoprotective effects in prec...
Read Full Guide βA GnRH receptor antagonist used clinically for prostate cancer. Unlike agonists, it causes immediate testosterone suppression without initia...
Read Full Guide βA potent hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) potentiator that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Preclinical research suggests enhancement of synap...
Read Full Guide βA potent GnRH superagonist used in veterinary medicine and studied in human reproductive research for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation an...
Read Full Guide βA synthetic analog of vasopressin with selective V2 receptor activity. Clinically used for central diabetes insipidus, primary nocturnal enu...
Read Full Guide βA peripherally restricted kappa-opioid receptor agonist. FDA-approved for CKD-associated pruritus, with research interest in pain and itch m...
Read Full Guide βA plasma kallikrein inhibitor studied for on-demand treatment of hereditary angioedema attacks, targeting the contact activation pathway of ...
Read Full Guide βDelta sleep-inducing peptide, a neuropeptide originally isolated from rabbit brain. Studied for sleep architecture normalization, stress mod...
Read Full Guide βA radiolabeled somatostatin analog (DOTATOC) used in peptide receptor radionuclide therapy and PET imaging of neuroendocrine tumors expressi...
Read Full Guide βA mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide that binds cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane. Studied for cardioprotection, renal protec...
Read Full Guide βA tetrapeptide studied for neuroprotective and anxiolytic properties, with research interest in delta sleep modulation and neurological stre...
Read Full Guide βA 36-amino acid HIV fusion inhibitor that blocks viral entry by preventing gp41 conformational changes. FDA-approved as Fuzeon for treatment...
Read Full Guide βAn oral PCSK9 inhibitor peptide in late-stage trials for LDL cholesterol reduction. A novel macrocyclic peptide approach to cardiovascular r...
Read Full Guide βA synthetic tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) derived from the pineal gland. Studied for telomerase activation, telomere elongation, and anti-a...
Read Full Guide βA cyclic heptapeptide GPIIb/IIIa inhibitor used clinically to prevent platelet aggregation during acute coronary syndrome and percutaneous c...
Read Full Guide βA synthetic calcimimetic peptide (calcium-sensing receptor agonist) approved for secondary hyperparathyroidism in adult patients with chroni...
Read Full Guide βA GLP-1 receptor agonist originally derived from Gila monster venom. FDA-approved for type 2 diabetes and studied for weight loss and neurop...
Read Full Guide βA synthetic vasopressin analog used primarily as a vasoconstrictor in local anesthetics. Studied as an alternative to epinephrine in dental ...
Read Full Guide βA synthetic GnRH analog used in veterinary reproductive management and studied in human fertility protocols for triggering ovulation and LH ...
Read Full Guide βAn RNA interference therapeutic targeting antithrombin, studied in hemophilia A and B to reduce bleeding episodes by restoring thrombin gene...
Read Full Guide βA D-retro-inverso peptide that disrupts the FOXO4-p53 interaction in senescent cells, selectively inducing apoptosis in senescent cells whil...
Read Full Guide βA potent GnRH receptor antagonist used in controlled ovarian stimulation protocols. Rapidly suppresses LH surges without the initial flare s...
Read Full Guide βA naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide (Gly-His-Lys) with wound healing, anti-inflammatory, and collagen-stimulating properties. Wi...
Read Full Guide βA synthetic hexapeptide growth hormone secretagogue that stimulates GH release via the ghrelin receptor. More potent than GHRP-6 with less p...
Read Full Guide βOne of the first synthetic GH secretagogues. Stimulates GH release through ghrelin receptor agonism and is associated with significant appet...
Read Full Guide βAn RNAi therapeutic targeting ALAS1, approved for acute hepatic porphyria. Reduces neurotoxic heme precursors by silencing the rate-limiting...
Read Full Guide βA synthetic mixture of random polypeptides resembling myelin basic protein, approved for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis via immune d...
Read Full Guide βA long-acting GLP-2 receptor agonist investigated for short bowel syndrome, promoting intestinal adaptation and mucosal growth to reduce par...
Read Full Guide βA 29-amino acid pancreatic hormone that raises blood glucose through hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Critical in hypoglycemia ma...
Read Full Guide βSynthetic GnRH identical to the endogenous form. Used in fertility diagnostics and treatment to stimulate pituitary LH and FSH secretion in ...
Read Full Guide βA GnRH superagonist approved for prostate cancer, breast cancer, and endometriosis. Induces chemical castration via pituitary desensitizatio...
Read Full Guide βA spider venom-derived peptide inhibitor of mechanosensitive ion channels (Piezo1, TRPC). Used in cardiac arrhythmia and mechanobiology rese...
Read Full Guide βA synthetic peptide analog of Ξ±-MSH studied for melanogenesis modulation. Researched for skin pigmentation applications and potential tannin...
Read Full Guide βA potent synthetic hexapeptide GH secretagogue. Shows strong GH release and direct cardioprotective effects via CD36 receptor activity indep...
Read Full Guide βA potent GnRH superagonist delivered via subcutaneous implant for precocious puberty and advanced prostate cancer. FDA-approved as Supprelin...
Read Full Guide βA selective bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist approved for acute hereditary angioedema. Blocks the kinin-kallikrein pathway to rapidly reduc...
Read Full Guide βA long-acting IGF-1 analog with reduced binding protein affinity, resulting in an extended half-life. Studied for muscle growth, tissue repa...
Read Full Guide βAn siRNA therapeutic targeting PCSK9 mRNA in hepatocytes, approved for LDL cholesterol reduction in high-risk cardiovascular patients. Admin...
Read Full Guide βA selective, clean GH secretagogue with minimal effect on cortisol, prolactin, or ACTH. Widely studied for its favorable safety profile in g...
Read Full Guide βA neuropeptide that activates GnRH neurons via the KISS1R receptor, acting as a master regulator of the reproductive axis. Studied in fertil...
Read Full Guide βA C-terminal tripeptide fragment of Ξ±-MSH (Lys-Pro-Val) with anti-inflammatory properties. Studied for gut inflammation, wound healing, and ...
Read Full Guide βA long-acting somatostatin analog approved for acromegaly and gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Inhibits GH, IGF-1, and tumor-re...
Read Full Guide βA GnRH agonist approved for prostate cancer, endometriosis, and precocious puberty. Sustained-release formulations enable monthly or quarter...
Read Full Guide βA guanylate cyclase-C agonist approved for IBS-C and chronic idiopathic constipation. Acts locally in the intestine to accelerate GI transit...
Read Full Guide βA GLP-1 receptor agonist approved for type 2 diabetes and obesity. Reduces appetite, slows gastric emptying, and has demonstrated cardiovasc...
Read Full Guide βA short-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist approved for type 2 diabetes. Its rapid action preferentially blunts postprandial glucose spikes by sl...
Read Full Guide βThe human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide with broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Also plays roles in immune m...
Read Full Guide βA soy-derived 43-amino acid peptide with epigenetic regulatory activity. Studied for cancer prevention, anti-inflammatory effects, and chole...
Read Full Guide βA lysine vasopressin analog used historically for diabetes insipidus management. Acts on renal V2 receptors to promote water reabsorption an...
Read Full Guide βA dual GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonist in development for obesity and NAFLD. The glucagon component augments energy expenditure beyond GLP-1...
Read Full Guide βA linear synthetic analog of Ξ±-MSH that stimulates melanogenesis via MC1R. Studied for photoprotection and tanning effects with a longer hal...
Read Full Guide βA cyclic lactam analog of Ξ±-MSH active at MC1R, MC3R, MC4R, and MC5R. Associated with tanning, sexual arousal, and appetite suppression. Car...
Read Full Guide βA synthetic peptide that mimics Ξ±-MSH activity to stimulate melanocyte pigmentation without UV exposure. Used in cosmetic research for even ...
Read Full Guide βThe primary bioactive component of honey bee venom with potent membrane-disrupting properties. Studied for antimicrobial, anti-cancer, and a...
Read Full Guide βA potent, long-acting CXCR4 antagonist approved for hematopoietic stem cell mobilization in combination with G-CSF for enhanced harvest in m...
Read Full Guide βA mitochondria-derived peptide encoded in the 12S rRNA that regulates metabolic homeostasis via AMPK activation. Studied for insulin sensiti...
Read Full Guide βA potent GnRH superagonist administered nasally for endometriosis and central precocious puberty. Induces pituitary downregulation with cont...
Read Full Guide βRecombinant B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) approved for acutely decompensated heart failure. Promotes vasodilation, natriuresis, and diure...
Read Full Guide βA long-acting somatostatin analog approved for acromegaly, carcinoid syndrome, and VIPomas. Widely used in neuroendocrine tumor management a...
Read Full Guide βAn endogenous human pentapeptide that inhibits enkephalin-degrading enzymes, potentiating natural opioid activity. Studied for pain modulati...
Read Full Guide βAn oral non-peptide GLP-1 receptor agonist in late-stage development for type 2 diabetes and obesity. Offers the potential of once-daily ora...
Read Full Guide βThe nonapeptide "bonding hormone" produced in the hypothalamus. Studied for roles in social bonding, parturition, lactation, anxiety modulat...
Read Full Guide βA PEGylated parathyroid hormone analog approved for hypoparathyroidism. Provides sustained PTH activity with once-daily dosing for physiolog...
Read Full Guide βA multi-receptor somatostatin analog with high affinity for SST1βSST5. Approved for Cushing's disease and acromegaly refractory to first-gen...
Read Full Guide βA PEGylated cyclic peptide targeting complement protein C3, approved for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and geographic atrophy. Broadly...
Read Full Guide βA naturally occurring pentapeptide inhibitor of aspartyl proteases (pepsin, cathepsin D). Widely used as a research tool to study protease-d...
Read Full Guide βA guanylate cyclase-C agonist structurally related to uroguanylin, approved for chronic idiopathic constipation and IBS-C. Regulates intesti...
Read Full Guide βAn RNAi therapeutic targeting APOC3 mRNA to reduce triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. In trials for familial chylomicronemia syndrome and sever...
Read Full Guide βA synthetic amylin analog approved as an adjunct to insulin therapy. Suppresses post-meal glucagon, slows gastric emptying, and reduces food...
Read Full Guide βSynthetic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) used diagnostically to assess pituitary-thyroid axis function. Also studied for respiratory st...
Read Full Guide βA melanocortin receptor agonist originally developed from Melanotan II. FDA-approved as Vyleesi for female hypoactive sexual desire disorder...
Read Full Guide βA triple GIP/GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonist in late-stage development for obesity. Phase 2 data showed up to 24% body weight reduction, amo...
Read Full Guide βA synthetic hepcidin mimetic studied for polycythemia vera. Regulates iron availability and red blood cell production by mimicking the endog...
Read Full Guide βAn octapeptide that competes with SNAP-25 for SNARE complex formation, partially inhibiting neuromuscular junction signaling. Studied as a t...
Read Full Guide βA synthetic heptapeptide analog of ACTH(4-7) developed in Russia. Studied for cognitive enhancement, neuroprotection, BDNF upregulation, and...
Read Full Guide βA 27-amino acid gastrointestinal hormone that stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion. Used diagnostically for Zollinger-Ellison syndrom...
Read Full Guide βA synthetic heptapeptide analog of tuftsin with anxiolytic and nootropic properties. Studied for reducing anxiety without sedation and enhan...
Read Full Guide βA GLP-1 receptor agonist approved for type 2 diabetes and obesity (Ozempic/Wegovy). Demonstrates significant cardiovascular risk reduction a...
Read Full Guide βA melanocortin-4 receptor agonist approved for obesity caused by LEPR, POMC, or PCSK1 deficiency. Restores leptin pathway signaling to norma...
Read Full Guide βA synthetic analog of the first 29 amino acids of GHRH that stimulates pituitary GH secretion. Studied as an anti-aging, body composition, a...
Read Full Guide βSynthetic C-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK-8) used to stimulate gallbladder contraction for hepatobiliary imaging and pancreat...
Read Full Guide βAn endogenous cyclic tetradecapeptide that inhibits GH, insulin, glucagon, and multiple GI peptides. Used clinically for acute variceal blee...
Read Full Guide βA dual glucagon/GLP-1 receptor agonist in clinical trials for obesity and NASH. The glucagon component drives hepatic fat oxidation and ener...
Read Full Guide βA synthetic fragment of thymosin beta-4 (Ac-SDKP). Studied for promoting actin polymerization, accelerating tissue repair, reducing inflamma...
Read Full Guide βRecombinant PTH(1-34) approved for osteoporosis in high-fracture-risk patients. The only approved anabolic bone agent that stimulates new bo...
Read Full Guide βA synthetic vasopressin analog with preferential V1 receptor activity. Used for hepatorenal syndrome and variceal bleeding; studied as an al...
Read Full Guide βA stabilized GHRH analog FDA-approved for HIV-associated lipodystrophy. Reduces visceral adipose tissue through physiological GH stimulation...
Read Full Guide βA synthetic 24-amino acid peptide corresponding to the active N-terminal of ACTH. Used diagnostically to assess adrenal cortex responsivenes...
Read Full Guide βA thymic peptide that enhances T-cell function and innate immunity. Approved in multiple countries for hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and as an i...
Read Full Guide βA synthetic pentapeptide corresponding to the active site of thymopoietin. Studied for immunomodulatory effects in autoimmune disease, aging...
Read Full Guide βA 43-amino acid peptide that sequesters G-actin and promotes cell migration, wound healing, angiogenesis, and anti-inflammatory responses. W...
Read Full Guide βThe N-terminal tetrapeptide fragment of thymosin beta-4 (Ac-SDKP). Retains significant anti-inflammatory and tissue repair activity as a mor...
Read Full Guide βA zinc-dependent thymic nonapeptide essential for T-lymphocyte differentiation and maturation. Studied in immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, an...
Read Full Guide βA dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist approved for type 2 diabetes and obesity (Mounjaro/Zepbound). Clinical trials showed weight reductions up ...
Read Full Guide βA class of short peptides engineered with cell-penetrating or skin-penetrating sequences to enhance transdermal delivery of active compounds...
Read Full Guide βA GnRH agonist approved for prostate cancer, endometriosis, precocious puberty, and gender dysphoria. Delivered as a sustained-release depot...
Read Full Guide βA synthetic analog of IGF-1's tripeptide core (GPE), approved for Rett syndrome. Reduces neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunction through ...
Read Full Guide βA synthetic octapeptide somatostatin analog used for acute variceal hemorrhage. Inhibits splanchnic vasodilation and portal hypertension thr...
Read Full Guide βThe endogenous antidiuretic hormone regulating water reabsorption and blood pressure. Used clinically in vasodilatory shock, cardiac arrest,...
Read Full Guide βA synthetic cone snail peptide (Ο-conotoxin MVIIA) that blocks N-type calcium channels. FDA-approved as Prialt for severe chronic pain via i...
Read Full Guide βAn RNAi therapeutic targeting hepatic angiotensinogen, in trials for hypertension. A single dose may sustain blood pressure reduction for si...
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